- Branche: Government; Health care
- Number of terms: 6957
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of 11 agencies that compose the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The NCI, established under the National Cancer Institute Act of 1937, is the Federal Government's principal agency for ...
A radioconjugate consisting of EF5, a fluorinated derivative of etanidazole, conjugated to fluorine F 18, a positron emitting isotope. EF5 binds to hypoxic tissue; conjugation to Fluorine F 18 allows imaging of hypoxic regions within tumors.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioconjugate consisting of an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (erbB or HER) family of tyrosine kinases radiolabeled with carbon-14 with potential antineoplastic and beta-emitting radioisotope activity. PF-00299804 specifically and irreversibly binds to and inhibits human Her-1, Her-2, and Her-4, resulting in the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of tumor cells that overexpress these receptors. The HER receptor family of tyrosine kinases, often overexpressed by a variety of tumor cell types, may contribute to tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. PF-00299804 radiolabeled with carbon C-14 may be used as a radiotracer in pharmacological studies of PF-00299804 metabolism.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioconjugate consisting of a thymidine analogue radiolabeled with fluorine F 18, a positron emitting isotope. Phosphorylated by S-phase-specific thymidine kinase 1, 3'-deoxy-3'-(18F)fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) is trapped intracellularly by entering the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis without incorporation into DNA. 18F-FLT serves a marker of tumor cell proliferation for imaging with positron emission tomography (PET); as a marker of proliferation rather than metabolism, it is more specific to tumor tissue than 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). This agent is metabolically stable, accumulates in the normal bone marrow and the liver, and does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioconjugate consisting of a lipophilic copper(II)bis(thiosemicarbazone) labeled with the positron- and beta-emitting isotope (64)Cu with hypoxia-selective and antineoplastic activities. With a high membrane permeability and redox potential, copper Cu 64-ATSM is preferentially taken up by hypoxic cells compared to normoxic cells; the extent of retention in tissue is inversely related to the state of tissue oxygenation allowing the quantitation of tissue hypoxia by positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, the radioactive copper moiety of this agent may deliver a selective cytotoxic dose of beta radiation to hypoxic tumor cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioconjugate consisting of 6-fluorodopamine labeled with fluorine F18 (6-(18F)FDA), with potential diagnostic activity. Upon administration, 6-(18F)FDA is taken up by presynaptic sympathetic nerve endings via the norepinephrine transporter (NET) uptake-1. Once inside, 6-(18F)FDA is rapidly converted by dopamine-beta-hydroxylase into 6-(18F)fluoronorepinephrine (6-(18F)FNE) and stored into neuronal storage vesicles. Upon positron emission tomographic (PET) scanning of the F18, sympathetic innervated regions can be visualized, such as those in pheochromocytoma.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioconjugate composed of the synthetic bombesin (BB) analog demobesin-4 bound to the radioisotope technetium Tc 99m with receptor ligand and gamma-emitting radioisotope activities. Upon intravenous administration, demobesin-4 selectively binds to the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) expressed on the surfaces of various tumor cell types; upon internalization, tumor cells expressing GRPRs bound to technetium Tc 99m can then be visualized using scintigraphy. GRPR, a bombesin receptor subtype, is frequently overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells such as prostate and breast cancer cells. Demobesin-4 was developed for technetium Tc 99m imaging of GRPR-expressing tumor cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioactive isotope of the rare element ruthenium, a member of the light platinum group. A radioactive plaque containing ruthenium 106 may be inserted into the eye to irradiate ophthalmic tumors.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by phosphorus P32, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioactive isotope of iodine, a nonmetallic element of the halogen group, with an atomic mass of 124 and a half-life of 4. 18 days with radioisotopic activity. Selectively accumulating in thyroid tissue, iodine I 124 emits positrons that can be detected by positron emission tomography (PET), allowing localization of thyroid tissue. This radiosiotope also emits gamma rays.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A radioactive isotope of iodine, a nonmetallic element of the halogen group. With a half-life of 60 days, iodine 125 occurs naturally and can be produced artificially. This agent has both therapeutic and diagnostic uses, particularly in thyroid disease.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
