- Branche: Government; Health care
- Number of terms: 6957
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of 11 agencies that compose the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The NCI, established under the National Cancer Institute Act of 1937, is the Federal Government's principal agency for ...
A plant-based, proprietary formulation of saliva substitute with potential anti-xerostomia activity. Extracted from the plant called yerba santa (holy herb), herbal polysaccharide saliva substitute contains plant mucins, which is nearly identical to that of human mucous membranes. Upon direct application using the polysaccharide-containing spray, a protective film of moisture is deposited over the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. The xylitol in this preparation protects against the formation of harmful oral flora and thus helps to prevent cavities. Moreover, this agent has shown a demineralization effect on dentin.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A plant alkaloid, found in the tobacco plant, and addictive central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that causes either ganglionic stimulation in low doses or ganglionic blockage in high doses. Nicotine acts as an agonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, at neuromuscular junctions, and in the adrenal medulla and the brain. Nicotine's CNS-stimulating activities may be mediated through the release of several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, beta-endorphin, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and ACTH. As a result, peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia, and elevated blood pressure may be observed with nicotine intake. This agent may also stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thereby inducing nausea and vomiting.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A piperidinedione antineoplaston with potential antineoplastic activity. Antineoplaston A10 was originally isolated from human urine but is now synthetically derived. This agent intercalates into DNA, resulting in cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, reduction of mitosis, and decreased protein synthesis. Antineoplaston A10 may also inhibit ras-oncogene expression and activate tumor suppressor gene p53, leading to cell differentiation and apoptosis.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A piperazinyl quinazoline receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. Tandutinib inhibits the autophosphorylation of FLT3 (FMS-Like Tyrosine kinase-3), c-KIT and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) receptor tyrosine kinases, thereby inhibiting cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A phytopolylphenol pigment isolated from the plant Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, with a variety of pharmacologic properties. Curcumin blocks the formation of reactive-oxygen species, possesses anti-inflammatory properties as a result of inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) and other enzymes involved in inflammation; and disrupts cell signal transduction by various mechanisms including inhibition of protein kinase C. These effects may play a role in the agent's observed antineoplastic properties, which include inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and suppression of chemically induced carcinogenesis and tumor growth in animal models of cancer.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A phytonutrient and plant indole found in cruciferous vegetables including broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and kale, with potential antiandrogenic and antineoplastic activities. As a dimer of indole-3-carbinol, diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes beneficial estrogen metabolism in both sexes by reducing the levels of 16-hydroxy estrogen metabolites and increasing the formation of 2-hydroxy estrogen metabolites, resulting in increased antioxidant activity. Although this agent induces apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro, the exact mechanism by which DIM exhibits its antineoplastic activity in vivo is unknown.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A phytochemical-based toothpaste containing Calendula officinalis, Plantago major, Cochlearia armoracia, Hamamelis virginiana with potential soothing activity. Calendula officinalis/Plantago major/Cochlearia armoracia/ Hamamelis virginiana herbal toothpaste may relieve the discomfort associated with radiation-induced mucositis.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A phytoalexin derived from grapes and other food products with antioxidant and potential chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol induces phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (anti-initiation activity); mediates anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (anti-promotion activity); and induces promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation (anti-progression activity), thereby exhibiting activities in three major steps of carcinogenesis. This agent may inhibit TNF-induced activation of NF-kappaB in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A phosphorothioate oligonucleotide harboring nucleotide sequences complementary to tumor suppressor p53 mRNA. EL625 hybridizes with p53 mRNA molecules, and induces Rnase H dependent hydrolysis of p53 transcripts in the double stranded section of the hybrids, thereby resulting in loss of p53 production. Loss of p53 activity leads to sensitization of cancer cells to other therapeutics.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K inhibitor GSK1059615 inhibits PI3K in the PI3K/AKT kinase signaling pathway, which may trigger the translocation of cytosolic Bax to the mitochondrial outer membrane and an increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability, followed by apoptosis. Bax is a member of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins. PIK3, an enzyme often overexpressed in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in tumor cell regulation and survival.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
