- Branche: Culture; Government
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The Library of Congress is the U.S. oldest federal cultural institution and serves as the research arm of Congress. It is also the largest library in the world, with millions of books, recordings, photographs, maps and manuscripts in its collections.
A wall in the Xidan district in Beijing where, beginning in December 1978, in line with the party's policy of "seeking truth from facts," activists in the democracy movement recorded news and ideas, often in the form of big-character posters (q. V. ). These activists were encouraged to criticize the Gang of Four and previous (failed) government policies, but the wall was closed in December 1979 when the leadership and the communist party system were being criticized along with past mistakes and leaders. The shutdown coincided with suppression of political dissent.
Industry:History
Суть стратегии развития, направленной на превращение страны в относительно развитых промышленно развитые страны к 2000 году. Модернизации являются национальной обороны, сельского хозяйства, промышленности, науки и техники. Концепция была впервые воплощена в третьего пятилетнего плана (1966-70), запущен в серьёзность, Чжоу Эньлай на четвертый Национальный народный конгресс (1975) и принимается как официальной партийной линии на третьем пленуме Центрального Комитета одиннадцатый (декабрь 1978).
Industry:History
Term used by the post-Mao leadership to denote the four leading radical figures--Jiang Qing (Mao's fourth wife), Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen--who played a dominant political role during the Cultural Revolution (q. V. ) decade (1966-76) until Mao's death in September 1976 and their arrest several weeks later. Their "antiparty" deeds are often linked with Lin Biao, an early leader of the Cultural Revolution, who also has been discredited.
Industry:History
A drive to increase industrial and agricultural production following the suspension of Soviet aid and the desire to catch up with the advanced nations of the world. The campaign was conceived by Mao Zedong in late 1957, adopted by the National People's Congress (q. V. )in 1958; it continued through 1960. Emphasis was placed on accelerated collectivization of agriculture, national self-sufficiency, and labor-intensive methods. The practical implementation of the economic campaign was twofold: a mass steel manufacturing movement and the formation of the people's communes. Mania swept the country as the population feverishly worked to achieve unrealistic production quotas.This resulted in a misplaced use of labour,widespread waste of resources and was partially responsible for famine in 1960 and 1961.
Industry:History
Также китайцы. Термин используется для обозначения этнического большинства, которое составляет 93% населения. Пятьдесят пять малочисленных национальностей составляют остальные.
Industry:History
The 12,500-kilometer-long trek made by the Red Army in the face of the Guomindang's "annihilation campaigns. " Began in October 1934 in Jiangxi Province and ended in October 1935 in Shaanxi Province. Some 100,000 persons left the communist base area in Jiangxi but only about 28,000 arrived in Yan'an, Chinese Communist Party headquarters for the next decade. It was during the Long March that Mao Zedong gained his preeminent role in the party.
Industry:History
Поговорки и труды Мао, который служил основным источником национальной идеологии, до его смерти в 1976 году и с тех пор прошли осторожным, но Критическая переоценка. К 1980 году значение термина расширилось включать коллективные мысли о всех ключевых партийных лидеров.
Industry:History
Высшим органом государства, избранного в соответствии с принципами демократического централизма (q. V.). С 1987 года, было проведено шесть съездов, первый (1954), второй (1959), третий (1965), четвертый (1975), пятой (1978) и шестой (1982), седьмой было запланировано для 1988 года; Большинство лет, за исключением во время культурной революции (q. V.) были проведены ежегодные заседания. Постоянный комитет является постоянным органом Национального народного конгресса и функций между ежегодными сессиями.
Industry:History
Относится к периоду между 1917 и 1923 года, который был отмечен студент и брожения и протесты против правительства военачальник. Кульминацией четвертого мая движение 1919 года.
Industry:History
Generally used to refer to young people--primarily students--in their teens and twenties who began in May 1966 to support the leftist intraparty struggle then emerging against Liu Shaoqi and others. They made world famous the "little red book," Quotations from Chairman Mao, and were known for their use of big-character posters (q. V. ) during the Cultural Revolution (q. V. ). Acting under the leadership of Mao and his radical adherents, Red Guards were the "soldiers" and the vanguard of the Cultural Revolution. The term Red Guard was derived from the early days of the Chinese Communist Party's armed struggle.
Industry:History
