- Branche: Earth science
- Number of terms: 93452
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Founded in 1941, the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) is an international association representing the interests of professionals in surveying, mapping and communicating spatial data relating to the Earth's surface. Today, ACSM's members include more than 7,000 surveyors, ...
(1) The region, in the Earth, extending from about 300 km below the surface to 700 km below the surface, as indicated by data obtained from reflected seismic waves. (2) A region in the atmosphere, extending from about 55 km to 80 km above the surface, in which the temperature decreases with height at an average rate of about 4<sup>o</sup> - 5<sup>o</sup> per kilometer.
Industry:Earth science
A meander line (2) established by judicial opinion as a meander line even though the meander did not follow the actual bank or shore. A non riparian meander line exists as the result of a judicial opinion that a gross error was committed in recording the notes relating to the meander of a bank or shore line, the opinion being that the meander line as recorded did not follow the actual bank or shore as it existed at the time of survey but that, instead, a large tract, situated between the actual bank or shore and the location of the meander line as recorded, was omitted. Ordinarily, the opinion annuls the usual doctrine that the bank or shore line here should be construed as the boundary of the survey, and contrarily gives that status to the meander line as recorded.
Industry:Earth science
An angle subtending 1/(2000 π) of a circumference. This is exactly 1/1000 radian.
Industry:Earth science
A map projection mapping the rotational ellipsoid into the plane in such a way that the azimuth or direction from any point on the ellipsoid to a particular point on the ellipsoid remains unchanged when taken in the corresponding sense between the corresponding points on the map. This is the converse of the azimuthal map-projection, which preserves azimuths from the point specified to an arbitrary point. The outstanding example of the retro-azimuthal map-projection is that called the Mecca map-projection, in which Mecca is the point specified. It was first described by J.I. Craig in 1909.
Industry:Earth science
To survey, by traversing, the margin of a body of water such as a stream or lake.
Industry:Earth science
One of the two coordinates λ <sub>m</sub>, φ <sub>m</sub>, of a point on a sphere of radius R and at longitude λ <sub>o</sub> + Δλ and latitude φ, as defined by the equations λ <sub>m</sub> ≡ Δλ or R Δλ; φ <sub>m</sub> ≡ ln tan¼(ρ+2φ) or R (ln tan¼(π+2φ)). Mercator coordinates can be defined in a similar manner for a point on a rotational ellipsoid.
Industry:Earth science
A class of map projections mapping the equator and the central meridian into lines along which principal scale is preserved. In the normal aspect of the graticule, parallels of latitude are represented by a family of parallel, straight lines and the meridians are represented by a family of convergent curves. The sinusoidal map projection is one of the best known of this class; Eckert's-III map-projection (Ortelius's map projection) is another.
Industry:Earth science
That observed part of the magnetic field which is attributed to the Earth's magnetic field or to effects which are too deep, too broad, or too high to be possible expressions of geologic structure or other features of interest. Better called a regional magnetic field.
Industry:Earth science
(1) A set of maps produced at a uniform scale, in a common style, and planned to represent a specified region. (2) A set of maps, usually of the same scale and conforming to the same specifications, having some unifying characteristic and identified collectively by the organization producing it.
Industry:Earth science
A tide of decreased range occurring sem-monthly as the result of the Moon's being in quadrature. The neap range (N <sub>p</sub>) of the tide is the average, semidiurnal range occurring at the time of neap tide. It is smaller than the mean range where the tide is either semidiurnal or mixed, and is of no practical significance where the tide is diurnal. The average height of the high waters of the neap tides is called neap high water or high water neaps; the average height of the corresponding low waters is called neap low water or low water neaps.
Industry:Earth science
